Contents
Two - NETHER FLOW THEORY
Action is the product of the Qualities inherent in Nature.
Bhagavad GitaThe first edition of this book differed chiefly in this particular chapter. That edition was, in part, to show some of the steps taken to arrive at the correct concept for gravity. The process was complicated because there were various alternatives from which to choose. Most of the time spent was in going through a maze of blind alleys which yielded no usable information. Could gravity possibly be caused by a multi-dimensional space-time, a concept of nether "drag", a four-dimensional "hole" within each vortex as opposed to a sudden turn into a fourth dimension, or a variation of one of the foregoing? Rather than going into very many of those blind alleys, I chose to show two of the more profitable ones and how we arrived at them.
Since the first edition was published, we have discovered better ways to explain and "prove" how gravity works. This edition will concentrate on these things.
There are truly two kinds of straight-in pulling force. One is micro-gravity and the other is what we call gravity. The single vorticle pulls in nether mostly from the "sides" of its vortex, so what I have termed micro-gravity extends outward primarily from the vorticle sides. Furthermore, a single vorticle does not cause an appreciable compression of nether as it moves toward the vorticle. So, at the level of a single vorticle, the pulling force is rather weak when compared to the electromagnetic force.
In the case of a single vorticle, the nether is drawn in so that its passage might be measured when passing through a large theoretical sphere surrounding the vorticle center. In this case, the nether passing through the theoretical sphere is very minimal. If we place other vorticles near the sphere's center as is the case with an asteroid, moon, planet, sun, or any other celestial body, the passage of nether through our theoretical sphere will increase to become what we call gravity. Thus, when many vorticles are grouped together, they create a combined inflow of nether which is far in excess of the inflow into a single vorticle.
Nether flows into a simple vorticle center at a forty-five degree angle from a radial drawn from that center. The inward vector of this flow, the one parallel to the radial itself, is micro-gravity. The vector that is at right angles to the radial is what causes "spin". And the resultant of the micro-gravity and spin vectors, the actual flow vector itself, is what causes charge. So it might be said that, at the submicroscopic level, the actual inward flow divides into three things: micro-gravity, spin, and charge.
In the case of a larger mass, all of the forty-five degree flows of its constituent vorticles average out to become one large inward vector which we call gravity, while their spins and charges average to become zero.
There is a point in vorticle collection where, rather abruptly, micro-gravity becomes gravity. When we measure the effect of lower masses to obtain a gravitational constant, we are nearing this point and our measurement will very likely be erroneous.
Instantaneous Nether Velocity Back
In a gravity funnel such as that in which we live (called "Earth"), the incoming nether accelerates inward at all points within the funnel. It comes from an infinite distance and accelerates until it arrives at the approximate center of the mass creating the funnel.
Truly, the nether within the funnel has no velocity because velocity is based upon distance over a time. Here we have only acceleration at all points and no time allowed for a constant rate of movement. So we must use a hypothetical something called instantaneous velocity which is the velocity we would have at a point if the point were extended to allow a time to measure the velocity.
For those who wish to use calculus, yes, the term instantaneous velocity used here is a special form of "ds/dt" where "s" is distance and "t" is time. However, "ds/dt" is a general term for velocity that may be used on any curve or straight line in a graph or virtual graph. This version of "ds/dt" is never a straight line version and is a special case of curved line version. This is because, truthfully, there is only "dv/dt" in a gravity funnel. So for this purpose, calculus is not the best language to use for instantaneous velocity.
The acceleration we call gravity varies with the altitude above the surface of a celestial body. As an object falls, it passes through these various magnitudes of gravity. In falling, it spends more time in the zones of lower gravity than it does in the zones of higher gravity. So the average gravity that an object experiences as it falls cannot be found by a simple, linear formula. Instead there are two non-linear equations used to find the average gravity experienced by an object in free-fall.
If we create two theoretical spheres to act as gravity funnel cross-sections, one called "sphere a" and the other at the earth's surface called "sphere e", then the average gravity experienced by an object falling between the two spheres can be found by the following:
gave = average gravity experienced by a falling object
H = the height of the upper sphere from the earth's surface
ve = instantaneous nether velocity at the earth's surface
va = instantaneous nether velocity passing through sphere "a"
ge = gravity at the earth's surface
ga = gravity at sphere "a"
re = the radius of the earth
ra = the radius of sphere "a"1. gave = [(ve - va) / H] [(ve + va) / 2]
2. gave = Bge + (1 - B)ga where B = 1 / [(ra / re) + 1]
We may consider a gravity funnel to be similar to an ordinary greased kitchen funnel into which we stuff marshmallows. The marshmallows compress in the dimensions of the cross-sections and extrude in the dimension of forward motion.
Two major things are required for a valid gravity funnel. First, at every spherical funnel cross-section the amount of nether flow must be exactly the same. In other words, the same number of marshmallows that entered the funnel must exit the funnel. Second, the gravity produced must conform exactly to the inverse square law.
The Inverse Square Law (ISL) Back
This law for gravity states that the acceleration that we call gravity varies inversely with the square of the distance from the center of mass that creates the acceleration. In other words, if we are at an altitude which is twice as far from the center of the earth as the earth's surface, then the acceleration due to gravity will be one-fourth as great as it is on the earth's surface. So if gravity on the earth's surface is approximately 32 feet/second2 and the radius of the earth is approximately 4,000 miles, the gravity at an altitude of 4,000 miles (which is 8,000 miles from the earth's center) will be approximately 8 feet/second 2.
When nether enters a gravity funnel it begins to expand in the direction of the vacuum pulling it, while it compresses in the dimensions perpendicular to the direction of its expansion. The vacuum pulling against the nether's inertia causes the nether to expand radially and to accelerate more rapidly as it moves toward the vacuum center. The difference in pressure between the vacuum and the surrounding nether pushes the nether into the decreasing areas of the funnel cross-sections and causes the nether to compress. As can be seen by the math involved, which is explained on the following page, the result is an acceleration of nether which creates what we call gravity, and which conforms to the inverse square law.
The Illusion and the Consequence Back
The inverse square law is an illusion in the sense that it appears to explain gravity while actually explaining nothing. The math behind nether compression, expansion, and acceleration in a gravity funnel is the reality behind the illusion of the inverse square law. We can use the inverse square law to calculate gravity from a reference value, but the inverse square law is merely a tool for our convenience and does not explain the true nature of gravity.
Fortunately, the ISL is a powerful way to check the logic of the nether theory of gravity. The fact that the inverse square law is a natural consequence of nether theory is a strong argument in favor of the existence of nether and the reality of nether theory.
We can think of nether flowing inward as analogous to wind blowing past. Most wind is measured by its velocity. However, this wind is accelerating, and even its acceleration is accelerating as it moves toward the planetary center. In reality, it has no velocity because true velocity is measured as a constant distance per time even though the constant distance per time is only constant for a short time. An inflow of nether is not constant even when measured at a submicroscopically small point. Nether is accelerating. It is constant in its total Mass flow per time as it passes through consecutive imaginary spheres about the center of a body, but never constant at a point. Were the nether not accelerating, we would not have gravity because it is acceleration rather than velocity that we can feel.
If we were in a spaceship moving through the nether at a constant velocity, we would continue to move in the same direction and at the same speed until acted upon by a force. In other words, we and our spaceship have inertia and nether is frictionless, so we can coast along indefinitely. In a spaceship coasting along, we would not feel the effects of gravity. Nor would we feel any other form of acceleration.
The situation changes when acceleration is applied. We feel acceleration because it alters the configurations of the vortices that compose us and our spaceship - and at constant velocity there are no alterations.
Resistance to this alteration is inertia. Inertia is the tendency of something to resist change. Resistance to change is very logical because it is not an active force, but a passive force. A body in motion will remain in motion in the same direction and with the same velocity unless something makes it change. Why not? Why should anything change unless it is caused to change?
The nether passing by us in our gravity funnel is very similar in effect to us passing through nether in space outside the major effects of our gravity well. If we were accelerating through the nether in a spaceship at an acceleration of one g, we would feel the same effect that we feel here on earth as the nether passes through us at an acceleration of one "g".
Once again I wish to emphasize that, in our nether universe, distance is simply distance and implies no motion. Distance divided by time is velocity and implies motion at a constant speed. In this universe, velocity has little influence on anything. Once an object in space reaches a certain velocity after a certain acceleration, nothing further is changed. We can say that the nether is passing the object rather than the object passing the nether because velocity is relative.
Velocity divided by time is acceleration. Nether is a frictionless fluid that responds only to acceleration. For this reason, nether with a constant velocity, has no effect that we can notice. It is the change in energy, the acceleration in a space near a mass, that we perceive as gravity. But the nether in this space has one more surprise, the acceleration we call gravity changes. Velocity is the change of position with time. Acceleration is the change of velocity with time. In the space near a body, gravity changes with the inverse square of the distance from the body's center. In other words, there are lots of changes.
If we postulate an imaginary sphere, like a bubble, with the center of the earth as the center of our sphere, and if we give the spherical surface the quality of a thickness so fine that it is like the surface where water in a pond meets the air above it, we still will have difficulty in isolating the velocity of the nether which passes through this sphere. Why? Because there is no velocity as such. Instead, there is only acceleration.
To have a true velocity, we need to have a distance along which the nether passes with no acceleration. But in a gravity funnel there is always acceleration, and even that changes with the distance from the center of mass.
We may find instantaneous velocity at a point by using the equations for potential and kinetic energy, and an equation for average gravity. In the following pages this is explained in detail. Here, we are using the impact velocity in the equation for kinetic energy at a point upon a sphere, such as the surface of the earth, as the instantaneous nether velocity at that particular point. However, the derived equation may be used at any point upon or above a large mass to find the instantaneous velocity at that point.
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