Contents
ELECTRON/POSITRON STRUCTURE
1. Planck performed an experiment with light which indicated that the lowest possible divisor for its energy at all frequencies is a quantity which has since become known as "Planck's constant". Hallwachs and Hertz with some help from Einstein discovered that the energy of a photon is "hf" where "h" is Planck's constant and "f " is frequency. In 1923, Arthur Holly Compton performed a number of experiments with X-rays which led to the conclusion that the momentum of a photon is "hf/c".
2. The Schwarzschild radius is the radius at which the nether inflow into a body equals the speed of light. Black holes and electrons both have Schwarzschild radii.
When we get into more detail on electromagnetic waves, you will see that the tangential vector for acceleration when a half-wave of light is created is "2c/ts" at the electron Schwarzschild radius. The quantity "ts" is the length of time that the tangential vector of nether inflow velocity takes to change from "c" in one direction to "c" in the opposite direction. The electron itself changes direction 180 degrees to create a half-wave of light. So the frequency, "f ", is half of the number of times the acceleration occurs. And the "m" is actually the mass of an increment of nether that becomes the circumference of an expanding lightwave.
3. Planck's constant, "h", divided by "t" (one second) is the currently accepted quantum (smallest quantity) of energy possible within a photon. The energy, "E", of a photon is the product of Planck's constant and its frequency, "f " (E = hf). But this is the energy arbitrarily assigned to our artificial photon. In this case, frequency means the number of passages of one electromagnetic wave within one second of time. Planck's constant divided by "t" is the supposed energy found within one wave. Those who believe that the photon is not a wave phenomenon still accept the wave-like nature of this energy equation. Although Planck's constant is still considered by most physicists to be the smallest quantum possible, the smallest is actually h/(2t) which is the energy in the half-wave.
4. Planck's constant is not actually the lowest possible divisor for the energy in light. Planck's experiment was set up in such a way that the lowest could not be found. The correct lowest divisor is the half-wave which is created when the electron turns 180 degrees during its "vibration" to create a photon.
Finding the true momentum for a light wave could not be done with Compton's experiment, so he arrived at half the momentum for a lightwave. Rather than dividing "hf" by "c", he would have had to divide "hf" by "c/2". He could not do this because he was only able to detect the momentum in a half-wave of light. [Kinetic energy is "(1/2)mv2" and momentum is "mv". Dividing "(1/2)mv2" by "v" equates to only "(1/2)mv" not "mv". Dividing by "(1/2)v" provides the correct answer. Compton was finding the momentum in the half-wave.] This is explained in detail in Book Four of this series.
5. Another problem with light has to do with Planck's constant. It should have incorporated "1/t" which is the frequency of one for a single lightwave. At the beginning, I believe that "1/t" was included in Planck's constant, but then it was removed by those who decided that "hf" must be used when working with that constant. This separated the constant from the frequency, leaving the constant with the units "mvd" which is the product of mass, velocity and distance. Energy has the units "mv2" and momentum has the units "mv". So the "new" Planck's constant was stuck with being a bastardized quantity that is neither energy nor momentum. This has led to plenty of confusion in the scientific community that is discussed in detail in Book Four on light.
6. In working with nether theory, it became apparent that the mass/energy equation E = mc2 is only a simplified version of the visualized actuality. The nether velocity at the electron Schwarzschild radius is a result of two vectors - the tangential velocity and radial velocity. The two vectors have a magnitude of "c". Therefore, the resultant has a velocity of "(21/2)c". The incoming Mass of nether is moving in accord with the radial vector pointed inward toward the vorticle center. However, its resultant velocity is (21/2)c. The total Mass that is incoming is what we call "mass". The equation for kinetic energy is
Ke = (1/2)mv2 So the Ke of the incoming nether is
Ke = (1/2)m[(2 1/2)c] 2
Which reduces to
Ke = mc2
This is the mass-energy equivalence equation. It is nothing more than the kinetic energy of the Mass of nether that would be unleashed if the electron's hole into the fourth dimension were to be closed.
7. The speed of light is "c", and this implies that the radial reaction (acceleration) of the nether is "c/t" when we are speaking of electromagnetic radiation. So in a light wave, we have two acceleration vectors, the tangential and the radial, both of which are equal to "c/t". This implies that the actual maximum acceleration of the nether is the resultant which is c(21/2)/t, and operates at 45 degrees from the two constituent vectors. Book For on light provides the details.
8. The half-wave acceleration of light is imparted by nether moving from a high-pressure volume to a low-pressure volume. When the shear from two gamma waves meet with tangential vectors of acceleration (each equal to "c/t"), each shear value of "c/t" becomes a tangential velocity vector for entry into the holes that are to become centers of an electron and a positron.
9. The stress of the two waves meeting creates a rupture in our space and the nether to allow nether to flow into the fourth dimension. This rupture is subsequently held open by centrifugal force from the tangential vector, "c", of the nether which is moving with a resultant of "c(21/2)" at the edge of the vorticle center.
10. "c(21/2)" is the resultant velocity of the mass of nether entering the vorticle center. The kinetic energy, "Ke", of the entering nether is then:
(1/2)(M/t)c(21/2)2
which equals
(M/t)c2 or mc2.
This is the same as the energy for rest mass according to the general theory of relativity. When an electron is destroyed, this is the energy it releases as the nether stops its inward motion very suddenly.
11. When the shearing accelerations form a fourth-dimensional opening for an electron, the opening creates a vacuum pulling the nether toward and into it. Since the pulling is at 90 degrees from the original plane of nether entry, the speed of the nether must either be increased to more than the value of c(21/2) or the radius of the vortex at the center must be decreased. This is because centrifugal force, which is what keeps the nether from closing in and destroying the vorticle, is equal to Mv2/r.
The foregoing "v" is the tangential velocity vector of "c". This creates the balance between the nether pressure (centripetal force) and the centrifugal force of "Mc2/r". To keep the same resultant velocity after the nether begins to move into the 4th dimension the tangential velocity vector must be reduced. And this would mean that the radius of the vortex must be reduced if the hole is to remain open. It is not possible for the resultant velocity to be increased because this would ultimately increase the velocity of the nether entering the center. So the solution is for the center of the vorticle to be shaped like a whirlpool, with the diameter becoming less as the nether moves farther into it.
12. The electron and the positron should each look like a whirlpool at the center, taking nether into the vortex at a resultant velocity of "c(21/2)". The tangential vector at the "top" of the whirlpool should be "c", and should lessen as the diameter of the whirlpool decreases.
13. These vorticles should be powered by the opening into the 4th dimension. And the opening should be retained by the centrifugal force from the incoming nether. Thus, a balance is obtained that allows the vorticle to be stable. It is doubtful that another balanced vorticle, sufficient to remain stable when alone, can be achieved with the nether density we now have in this universe. The principle that creates a stable single vortex will only allow two to exist in our universe: the electron and the positron.
14. From the "side" the electron would appear like the side of a whirlpool in which the lower part suddenly ceases to be (it vanishes into the 4th dimension). If the mouth is at the top, the lower part is the part that appears to be missing. The upper shape changes rapidly when the electron vibrates to create a photon.
15. The link below is the supposed view of an electron from the top looking downward. The circle is the hole into the 4th dimension.
Electron Top
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