Contents
Three - ELECTROMAGNETISM
Polarity is the principle that runs throughout the whole of creation,
and is, in fact, the basis of manifestation.
Polarity really means the flowing of force from
a sphere of high pressure to a sphere of low pressure;
high and low being always relative terms.
Every sphere of energy needs to receive the stimulus
of an influx of energy at higher pressure,
and to have an output into a sphere of lower pressure.
The source of all energy is the Great Unmanifest,
and it makes its own way down the levels,
changing its form from one to the other,
till it is finally "earthed" in matter.
Kabbalah
If you were to look at a weather map, you would see patterns of highs and lows. The highs are areas of high air pressure and the lows are areas of low air pressure. When a high pressure area develops, it creates a wind moving outward from its center. But the wind only moves outward at first, before taking a curved path.
In the northern hemisphere, the curved path is to the right or clockwise. In the southern hemisphere, the curved path is to the left or counterclockwise. Something called coriolis force causes this tendency to curve.
Coriolis force is really the combining of three other things: the law of conservation of momentum, the fact that the earth is a ball, and the fact that the earth is turning on its axis from west to east.
The earth is much like a phonograph record that is turning counterclockwise as one views it from the top. This similarity is what made coriolis force become known as the kadiddlehopper law. The important event happened during the spring when a young woman was playing "cler d'lune" on her phonograph.
A male and a female kadiddlehopper landed simultanously upon the rotating record. It was mating season and they were seeing each other for the first time. But he was near the edge of the record and she was near the center. They were facing each other and each sensed the delicate and delicious scents of the pheromones of the other by means of their noses (one on each front elbow). Each attempted to move toward the other and very unexpectedly, each turned to his or her right. They tried again with the same result. No matter where they were on that record, each always turned to the right.
Why? When he first tried to move toward the center, his tangential velocity was greater than that of the point where she was standing. And when she first tried to move toward the edge, her tangential velocity was less than that of the point where he was standing. The inertia of each was the culprit.
No matter where on the record a kadiddlehopper lands, as long as the record rotates counterclockwise, the moving insect will inadvertently turn right. This is coriolis force, one of the dominant forces in weather.
Coriolis Force (Kaddidlehopper Law) Coriolis force causes moving air masses in the northern hemisphere to turn to the right and moving air masses in the southern hemisphere to turn to the left. In the northern hemisphere, this creates a circular pattern around a high in which the air moves clockwise, to the right, and a circular pattern around a low in which air moves counterclockwise, to the left. In the southern hemisphere, it creates a circular pattern around a high in which air moves counter clockwise, to the left, and a circular pattern around a low in which air moves clockwise, to the right.The highs do not touch other highs as a rule and the lows do not touch other lows. There is a pattern of lows between highs and highs between lows. In this fashion, the highs and lows mesh like gears rotating. When a low between two highs dissipates, the winds between the highs shrink to nothing and the winds at other points around the highs join to make one big high. But if they did not, the highs would never really touch because the edges of each high would repel the edges of the others. [Actually, there are times when highs are forced to "touch" in the sense that their opposing winds form shear planes - and the winds become very strong.] When a high and low meet and mesh like two gears moving in opposite directions, they seem to attract one another, although each is actually the consequence of the other.
Highs and Lows - Back to Contents Each vorticle has a flow of nether moving into it that looks much like either a high or a low. The resultant direction of flow into each vorticle causes its "static charge". Like directions of tangential flow cause vorticles to repel one another as the lines of inflowing nether are compressed. And unlike directions of tangential flow cause vorticles to attract one another as nether flow must come from the same volume of nether.At the same time, the resultant flow of nether inward is the flow we call gravity when it is the average of the inward flows of many vorticles. It is still gravity in a very reduced form when it is coming into a single vorticle.
When electrons move in line, they create a tangential "field" of nether which is actually a vector that appears to be flowing perpendicular to their direction of movement, which we call "flux." When they move in a helical pattern, they create a "magnetic field." When they move alternately one way and then the other, they create an electromagnetic wave.
It is the repelling flow between electrons that limits the number in each "orbit" of electrons about the nucleus of an atom. It is the attractive force between an electron and an oppositely charged proton that make the two sometimes join to become a neutral vorticle, a neutron. All this is primarily due to the directions of nether flow into the vorticles.
Ordinarily, electrons are found in "orbits" around the nuclei of atoms. The outermost electrons are the ones which come loose to create static charge and electric current.
Several thousand years ago, it was discovered that rubbing a piece of amber with woolen cloth would cause the amber to attract very lightweight bodies to it (like attracting small pieces of paper to your comb when you were in grade school). Later, the same thing was found to happen with glass when it was rubbed with silk. However, the electric charge on the amber was found to be opposite to that found on the glass, so the charge on the amber was called "negative" and that on the glass was called "positive." Today, we know that so-called negative charge is caused by the accumulation of electrons on the charged object (the amber) and that the so-called positive charge is caused by the removal electrons from the charged object (the glass).
Experiments have shown that like-charged objects repel and unlike-charged objects attract one another. The charge is proportional to the number of electrons either added or removed and to the inverse of the square of the distance between the charged objects. These charges are also known to be much greater than the force of gravity between the charged objects.
This force is caused by the whirlpool-like nether flow into the vorticles on the charged object, and known as the "electric charge", the "static charge", the force that causes the "electric field." It is very strongly remembered from the days when you tried to fry your physics instructor by charging a silver sphere (Van de Graaff generator) by rubbing cat fur on rubber.
When two electrons are near one another and not being accelerated within a wire or otherwise, their mouth orientations are almost the same because they prefer to orient their mouths in the direction of nether acceleration. Nether acceleration will be almost the same for each if they are in almost the same place. So they repel one another. For the same reason, protons repel one another and oppositely charged vorticles attract one another.
Vorticle Attraction - Vorticle Repulsion and the Strong Force Forces BackWhen vorticles come close to one another some things happen that are slightly different than when they are farther away from one another. As vorticles with like-charges approach one another, they come to a zone where the opposing directions of flow on their near sides cause more and more compression. The compression causes more repulsion than would be the case normally because the compression is affecting the amount of nether coming into the vorticles. This is called the "weak force."
And when vorticles with unlike charges come into this zone, there is an area on their near sides that prevents inflow of the nether so that less nether overall is coming in. The pressure from the outside and lack of pressure on the near sides causes the vorticles to bond strongly. Nether Mass flow is reduced by the amount once known as the "binding energy" which is really a lack of mass since mass equals Mass divided by time. This is the force which binds electrons and protons together to form neutrons (neutrons do not last long outside the neucleus).
The nuclear "strong force" holds neutrons and protons together to form the atomic nuclei. This holding is caused by the binding force, the weak force, and the static force balancing within a group of nucleons which are composed of vorticles of both positive and negative charges. Some nuclei such as that of helium 3, have protons with reversed polarity which interact in a similar manner to two vorticles with unlike charges. This type of attraction is sometimes a part of the strong force as well.
When a vorticle alters its direction of travel, it turns its "mouth" in its new direction of travel. The nether around the vorticle can be in motion, as it always is, without having any effect on the vorticle as long as acceleration of the nether is not involved. Even when acceleration is involved, as it always is in one form or another, it may have little effect upon the orientation of the vorticle when the vorticle is already being moved by an electromotive force. However, it may alter the vorticle's velocity. The easiest way for a vorticle to accelerate is with its mouth oriented in the direction toward which it is accelerating. In fact, the direction of mouth orientation often determines the direction of vorticle acceleration. (Remember that acceleration is what initiates change in the nether, the nether is frictionless, and velocity is essentially relative which means it is like being "at rest.")
Because the vorticle is a vortex that shapes nether into a spiral flow all the way to infinity, a phenomenon we call a "field" is generated as the vorticle accelerates. For an electron, we say that the field has a left hand law. As the electron accelerates away from us, it generates a field that is counterclockwise.
If the electron is in a wire with many other electrons, as it is when electrical current is generated, the electrons accelerate the nether around the wire and the wire temporarily becomes a sending antenna. If the electron flow in the wire is reversed at equal intervals, the wire is a sending antenna until the reversing of the electron flow is stopped.
What we call a "flux field" is actually the acceleration of the nether from one direction around the wire to the other direction, such as from clockwise to counterclockwise. It is the tangential component of this acceleration that acts as the flux field. The radial component of nether velocity does not change appreciably, in this case, and simply acts as a form of gravity (with cylindrical rather than spherical geometry).
When electrons accelerate in one of two parallel wires, they generate nether acceleration at right angles to the wire in a circle about the wire. The nether acceleration moves rapidly outward from the wire. The strongest nether acceleration is that closest to the wire, so an adjacent wire feels more acceleration on the side where the first wire is. This causes the overall acceleration around the adjacent wire to be opposite to that around the first wire, which causes the electrons in the adjacent wire to alter their orientation to allow their mouths to point in the opposite direction from that taken by the electrons in the first wire. This causes electrons to accelerate in the opposite direction in the second wire.
The reason that electrons accelerate in the second wire has to do with the fact that electrons move in the direction their mouths are pointed. The acceleration of the nether moving outward from the first wire causes the electrons in the second wire to re-orient their nether flow and this re-orients the direction their mouths are pointed.
This is easily seen when electrons are forced to move through a magnetic field. The nether that flows from one pole to another, in a "field" between two magnets, is compressed on the side of the electron that is in the direction of its travel, causing nether acceleration on that side. This orients the electron so that its mouth is turned at right angles to its direction of travel. The electron then moves in the direction where its mouth is pointed. The same thing happens when a wire is moved through a magnetic field and that is why we can have generators, alternators, and electric motors.
Back - Magnetic Flux - Wire in Magnetic Field Due the fact that electrons move in the direction their mouths are pointed, another wire parallel to the first will become a receiving antenna. This phenomenon is so pronounced that telephone lines of the old kind required what is known as "transpositions" to prevent private telephone conversations from being sent from one wire to another, causing what is known as "crosstalk" into another private conversation. Transposing means moving a wire from one side of two adjacent parallel wires to the other side. When many wires are on a telephone pole, the proper way to place all these wires becomes a real problem, and a solution is called a "transposition scheme." If one wire is placed improperly during initial installation or during splicing when repairs are needed, crosstalk can occur in many of the wires, meaning that you will hear the conversations of people who are not on your line, and they will hear your conversation.
Another problem that occurs, due to wires acting as sending and receiving antennae, is 60 cycle hum which occurs when a power line is located too near a telephone line without proper precautions being taken. *And there are other difficulties as well.
[This is why a system of transmission was developed called "pulse code modulation." This is a means of using time to separate conversations and codes to elimate interference, and it is used today for telephones and for communication between space vehicles and Earth. But that is another story.]
These problems are caused due to the effect of one wire causing acceleration of the nether around it due to electron acceleration in it. Telephone conversations are in frequencies which means that the electrons in the telephone wires are constantly accelerating (or decelerating if you use non-scientific terms). The same is true of the alternating current in power lines. When electrons are accelerating, they cause nether acceleration around them in the form of what is called a "flux field."
So we can see what causes electron acceleration in one wire to generate electron acceleration in an adjacent parallel wire. It may be slightly more difficult to see what happens when electron flow in the first wire is slowed and stopped. The slowing of the electron flow in the first wire is the same as accelerating the electrons in the opposite direction. And this alteration of the nether (remember that acceleration is change - and only change - not constant velocity - can have any effect) causes electrons to reverse their flow in the adjacent wire. The reduction of tangential nether flow from the first wire causes the electron flow in the second wire to reverse itself. Now we have electron flow in the same direction in the two wires, but the electrons in the first wire are slowing down while those in the second are accelerating.
This is actually a four-part cycle like that of an internal combustion engine (your automobile engine for example).
1. The electrons in the first wire, of two north/south oriented wires, accelerate north. This causes the electrons in the second wire to accelerate south.
2. The electrons in the first wire now reach their highest velocity so that their acceleration ceases. This causes the electrons in the second wire to stop (no more acceleration to make them orient themselves properly).
3. The electrons in the first wire begin to decelerate (accelerate in the opposite direction in scientific terms). In other words, their northern flow begins to slow down. This causes northern electron acceleration in the second wire.
4. The electrons in the first wire slow to a stop so they are no longer moving. This causes the electrons in the second wire to stop moving northward. And now the cycle starts over again.
In the first wire, we had what is called pulsed direct current which "induces" alternating current in the second wire. However, the first wire might have had alternating current in it which would also induce alternating current in the second wire in almost the same manner.
Transposing - AC from Pulsed DC
Now let us look at what happens when we have electron flow (not acceleration, but steady flow) in the same direction in a single wire that is coiled into a helix. This is the case when direct current (DC) is generated in the wire. Here, we have a series of wires next to each other that are all really the same wire. So the electrons flow in the same direction in all of the adjacent wire portions. The flow of incoming nether into the electrons in adjacent wire portions is reduced between the portions and accelerated at points not between them - just like two highs joining when the low between them dissipates. The result is nether flow that is mostly on the outside and inside of the helix.
However, the nether is compressed inside the helix because essentially the same volume of nether must flow inside as out. The outside is a lot bigger than the inside, so inside, the nether must be compressed. The top of the helix is one type of magnetic pole and the bottom of the helix is the other type of magnetic pole. Like poles repel and unlike poles attract. This is due to compression of the nether with like poles and decompression of the nether with unlike poles. The nether prefers to maintain equal pressure throughout when it can do so. The repelling and attracting force is what we call magnetism. It is caused by differences in nether pressure.
A permanent magnet is based upon the same principle with electrons flowing in circular paths in different magnetic domains. When a ferromagnetic material is subjected to a magnetic field for a long period of time or when it is subjected for a short but traumatic period, some of its magnetic domains are re-aligned so that they reinforce one another magnetically. The result is a "permanent" magnet.
Magnetic Attraction and Repulsion The flow within a magnet of any kind, is actually the vortices of nether moving into individual subatomic entities. The electrons are oriented to show dominant flow vectors which are the flux lines. These lines merely indicate a contributing vector of the nether flow, and to show by their proximity to one another, the density of the nether at any particular point. The resultants of the nether flow are the spiral paths into the entities rather than the flux lines. This is analogous to a topo map in which the points of equal elevation are given as lines while the flow of rainwater is in a different direction from the lines.If a permanent magnet is broken into to two pieces, each piece will have a north and a south pole. If the two pieces are broken into two pieces each, each of the four pieces that remain will have a north and a south pole. The breaking process may continue and each new little piece will still have a north and a south pole. The nature of magnetism is such that a magnetic monopole cannot exist. Looking at a magnet from the viewpoint of nether flow makes it easy to see why this true.
If we separate the parts of the helix of an electromagnet, we find that even when it is separated into parts of only one coil each, each of the parts will still have a north pole and south pole, the like poles will repel, and the unlike poles will attract. There is no such thing as a magnetic monopole either at macroscopic or atomic levels.
Everything is dual; everything has poles;
everything has its pair of opposites;
like and unlike are the same;
opposites are identical in nature, but different in degree;
extremes meet;
all truths are but half-truths;
all paradoxes may be reconciled.
The Kybalion
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