Back Pion
The pi-meson or pion is a transitory entity composed of a quarkon and an antiquarkon whose mouths are "kissing". The suction of these mouths is a form of the strong force which is measured as a loss of mass (Mass flow) equated to energy terms via the equation E = mc2.
Back Proton
This is the stable complex vorticle which has a positive charge. It is formed from three quarkons who are aligned at ninety degrees to one another with their mouths at a common point.
In the proton, the three quarkon mouths are positioned so as to create an area for appreciably greater nether flow into them, and this greatly increases the mass of the quarkons.
The up quarkon, of which there are two, have a charge of +1, while the down quarkon of which there is one, has a charge of -1. However, their placement causes the charge of each up quarkon to be reduced to only +2/3, and the charge of the down quarkon to be reduced to -1/3.
The quarkons are aligned as if they were the lines formed from the intersections of three planes of a tetrahedron. Where the lines meet is where the mouths of the quarkons meet. If the tetrahedron is pointed with the lines meeting at the top, above the tetrahedron a vortex is formed which has a charge of +1 and a spin of +1/2. The quarkons of a proton are very short as compared to those of a pion because their quarks (holes) have moved toward their mouths. If we could see the concentrated portion of the Mass that forms the proton, we would see that the common vortex formed by the quarkons constitutes most of the Mass of the entity.
Back Color
The quarkons of the proton must meet at approximately ninety degrees to one another for the proton to remain stable. Those who subscribe to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) have given each direction something called a color charge. Thus, each quarkon that is blue must meet with a yellow and a red quarkon to form a proton. Each yellow quarkon must meet with a blue and a red quarkon to form a proton. And each red quarkon must meet with a blue and a yellow quarkon to form a proton. This means that each proton is devoid a color charge and is, therefore, "white".
The quarkons of a pion must be aligned in two opposing directions for them to form a pion. Thus, for a pion to be formed, a blue quarkon must meet with an antiblue quarkon. A yellow quarkon must meet with an antiyellow quarkon. Or a red quarkon must meet with an antired quarkon. We realize that, knowing what is actually happening makes QCD unnecessary, but I am mentioning it here to show readers what QCD is.Back Quarkons as Lows
When a quarkon is formed with its antiquarkon the effect is more a pressure directly into the fourth dimension rather than the shearing effect seen in the formation of an electron/positron pair. The pressure and its breakthrough into the fourth dimension forms something analogous to a low in meteorology. Thus, the nether rotation of the proton is opposite that of the electron and creates opposite charge and spin.Back Delta+
There is a transitory entity called the delta+ which is like a proton but with the down quarkon "reversed" (moved so that its mouth is essentially near the quarks [holes] of the two up quarkons). This entity has a spin of 3/2 and 30% more mass than a proton. This is logical because the nether inflow to all the quarkons is increased and they are aligned so that all three spin together. See pages 31-34 of Book Three - Electromagnetism.Back Spin One Hydrogen Atom
When the "orbiting" electron of a hydrogen atom is forced (with added energy) to reverse its polarity so that its spin is oriented in the same direction as that of the proton nucleus, the mass of the hydrogen atom is increased. The spin of the atom is normally zero (+1/2 -1/2 = 0), but with the electron polarity reversed, the spin of the atom is one (+1/2 +1/2 = 1).
This is correct and logical according to nether theory, because the vortices of the proton and the electron are rotating in the same direction. See pages 31-34 of Book Three - Electromagnetism.Back
See "Glueballs" by Frank E. Close and Philip R. Page in the November 1998 issue of Scientific American for more on QCD.
See "The Mystery of Nucleon Spin" by Klaus Rith and Andreas Schafer in the July 1999 issue of Scientific American for more about the delta+ and the spin one hydrogen atom.
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